In his essay ‘The Sporting Spirit’ George Orwell famously wrote,
“[Sport] is war minus the shooting”
He was writing in the mid 20th century. Orwell claimed that ‘serious’ sport as he put it was always competitive, ruthless and extremely aggressive thanks to spectators venting their frustration and energy in attempts to help defeat opponents by means of intimidation and foul play. His observation was that the manner of victory was obsolete; maintaining prestige was the only imperative. Fans felt compelled to fight alongside the sportsman to improve chances of victory. An aggressive atmosphere was therefore a natural bi-product of competitive sport.
Orwell’s comparison of Sport to War is appropriate, but not complete in explanation. The simple Continue reading



